Primary Emulsifiers Primary emulsifiers are one of the additives used for oil-based muds. These emulsifiers are anionic, sodium and calcium soaps
containing fatty acids and are used for the stabilization of oil-based fluids, Some compounds have emulsifier properties when mixed in water and must be added to the mud along with the oil to create an emulsion with water.
A mixture of water and oil usually forms two separate phases. However, the addition of an emulsifier to water and mixing results in the formation of an emulsion in oil (gasoline), creating a fully mixed, single-phase mixture. These emulsifiers help reduce damage, free wellbore stuck incidents, control fluid wastage, increase the apparent viscosity of the fluid, and reduce cor- rosion in the environment. Using these emulsifiers along with gelatinous compounds prevents the precipitation of heavy materi als during drilling stoppage, It is necessary to create a strong mixture to achieve desirable performance in primary emulsifiers
Secondary Emulsifiers
Secondary emulsifiers are complimentary emulsifiers which are used to improve the performance of water-oil systems and contain the following materials.
1-Emulsifier
The compound is used for creating a stable emulsion in the mud.
2-Wetting Agent
This agent is a non-ionic molecule with a longer hydrophobe side compared to the hydrophile side. This results in improved thermal and geological stability. Furthermore, since the stability of the emulsion is required for better performance of oil-based muds, using secondary emulsifiers can help improve the performance of mud emulsion.
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